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(詳細はpolicy concerning some or all aspects of nuclear energy, such as mining for nuclear fuel, extraction and processing of nuclear fuel from the ore, generating electricity by nuclear power, enriching and storing spent nuclear fuel and nuclear fuel reprocessing. Nuclear energy policies often include the regulation of energy use and standards relating to the nuclear fuel cycle. Other measures include efficiency standards, safety regulations, emission standards, fiscal policies, and legislation on energy trading, transport of nuclear waste and contaminated materials, and their storage. Governments might subsidize nuclear energy and arrange international treaties and trade agreements about the import and export of nuclear technology, electricity, nuclear waste, and uranium. Since about 2001 the term nuclear renaissance has been used to refer to a possible nuclear power industry revival, but nuclear electricity generation in 2012 was at its lowest level since 1999.〔〔(The Nuclear Renaissance (by the World Nuclear Association) )〕 Following the March 2011 Fukushima I nuclear accidents, China, Germany, Switzerland, Israel, Malaysia, Thailand, United Kingdom, and the Philippines are reviewing their nuclear power programs. Indonesia and Vietnam still plan to build nuclear power plants.〔(Israel Prime Minister Netanyahu: Japan situation has "caused me to reconsider" nuclear power ) Piers Morgan on CNN, published 2011-03-17, accessed 2011-03-17〕〔(Israeli PM cancels plan to build nuclear plant ) xinhuanet.com, published 2011-03-18, accessed 2011-03-17〕 Thirty-one countries operate nuclear power stations, and there are a considerable number of new reactors being built in China, South Korea, India, and Russia.〔Michael Dittmar. (Taking stock of nuclear renaissance that never was ) ''Sydney Morning Herald'', August 18, 2010.〕 As of June 2011, countries such as Australia, Austria, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal, Israel, Malaysia, and Norway have no nuclear power stations and remain opposed to nuclear power. Since nuclear energy and nuclear weapons technologies are closely related, military aspirations can act as a factor in energy policy decisions. The fear of nuclear proliferation influences some international nuclear energy policies. ==The global picture== After 1986's Chernobyl disaster, public fear of nuclear power led to a virtual halt in reactor construction, and several countries decided to phase out nuclear power altogether.〔(Research and Markets: International Perspectives on Energy Policy and the Role of Nuclear Power ) ''Reuters'', May 6, 2009.〕 However, increasing energy demand was believed to require new sources of electric power, and rising fossil fuel prices coupled with concerns about greenhouse gas emissions (see Climate change mitigation) have sparked heightened interest in nuclear power and predictions of a nuclear renaissance. In 2004, the largest producer of nuclear energy was the United States with 28% of worldwide capacity, followed by France (18%) and Japan (12%). In 2007, 31 countries operated nuclear power plants.〔Mycle Schneider, Steve Thomas, Antony Froggatt, Doug Koplow (August 2009). (The World Nuclear Industry Status Report ), German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety, p. 6.〕 In September 2008 the IAEA projected nuclear power to remain at a 12.4% to 14.4% share of the world's electricity production through 2030. In 2013, almost two years after Fukushima, according to the IAEA there are 390 operating nuclear generating units throughout the world, more than 10% less than before Fukushima, and exactly the same as in Chernobyl-year 1986.〔(Historic Move: IAEA Shifts 47 Japanese Reactors Into “Long-Term Shutdown” Category ), World Nuclear Industry Status Report, 16-1-2013〕 Asia is expected to be the primary growth market for nuclear energy in the foreseeable future, despite continued uncertainty in the energy outlooks for Japan, South Korea, and others in the region. As of 2014, 63% of all reactors under construction globally are in Asia.〔(Multilateral Cooperation in Asia's Nuclear Sector ), 2014 Pacific Energy Summit Working Paper, 8-6-14〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nuclear energy policy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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